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  • Journal article
    McManus MD, Bowen TA, Mallet A, Chen CHK, Chandran BDG, Bale SD, Larson DE, de Wit TD, Kasper JC, Stevens M, Whittlesey P, Livi R, Korreck KE, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Case AW, Bonnell JWet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 70
  • Journal article
    Duan D, Bowen TA, Chen CHK, Mallet A, He J, Bale SD, Vech D, Kasper JC, Pulupa M, Bonnell JW, Case AW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Korreck KE, Larson D, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Stevens M, Whittlesey Pet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 40
  • Journal article
    Pulupa M, Bale SD, Badman ST, Bonnell JW, Case AW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Hegedus AM, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Krasnoselskikh V, Larson D, Lecacheux A, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Maksimovic M, Malaspina DM, Martinez Oliveros JC, Meyer-Vernet N, Moncuquet M, Stevens M, Whittlesey Pet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 46
  • Journal article
    Mozer FS, Agapitov OV, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Goetz K, Goodrich KA, Gore R, Harvey PR, Kellogg PJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Schumm Get al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 14
  • Journal article
    Zhao L-L, Zank GP, Adhikari L, Hu Q, Kasper JC, Bale SD, Korreck KE, Case AW, Stevens M, Bonnell JW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Pulupa M, Larson DE, Livi R, Whittlesey P, Klein KGet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 72
  • Journal article
    Qudsi RA, Maruca BA, Matthaeus WH, Parashar TN, Bandyopadhyay R, Chhiber R, Chasapis A, Goldstein ML, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Case AW, Stevens M, Whittlesey P, Larson D, Livi R, Velli M, Raouafi Net al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
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    • Citations: 29
  • Journal article
    Rouillard AP, Kouloumvakos A, Vourlidas A, Kasper J, Bale S, Raouafi N-E, Lavraud B, Howard RA, Stenborg G, Stevens M, Poirier N, Davies JA, Hess P, Higginson AK, Lavarra M, Viall NM, Korreck K, Pinto RF, Griton L, Reville V, Louarn P, Wu Y, Dalmasse K, Genot V, Case AW, Whittlesey P, Larson D, Halekas JS, Livi R, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Bonnell J, de Witt TD, Penou Eet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 60
  • Journal article
    Panasenco O, Velli M, D'Amicis R, Shi C, Reville V, Bale SD, Badman ST, Kasper J, Korreck K, Bonnell JW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Pulupa M, Case AW, Larson D, Livi R, Stevens M, Whittlesey Pet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
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    • Citations: 55
  • Journal article
    Chhiber R, Goldstein ML, Maruca BA, Chasapis A, Matthaeus WH, Ruffolo D, Bandyopadhyay R, Parashar TN, Qudsi R, de Wit TD, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Case AW, Stevens M, Whittlesey P, Larson D, Livi R, Velli M, Raouafi Net al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
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    • Citations: 42
  • Journal article
    Szabo A, Larson D, Whittlesey P, Stevens ML, Lavraud B, Phan T, Wallace S, Jones-Mecholsky S, Arge CN, Badman ST, Odstrcil D, Pogorelov N, Kim T, Riley P, Henney CJ, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Case AW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey P, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Koval A, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Pulupa Met al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
  • Journal article
    Parashar TN, Goldstein ML, Maruca BA, Matthaeus WH, Ruffolo D, Bandyopadhyay R, Chhiber R, Chasapis A, Qudsi R, Vech D, Roberts DA, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Case AW, Stevens M, Whittlesey P, Larson D, Livi R, Velli M, Raouafi Net al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 59
  • Journal article
    Moncuquet M, Meyer-Vernet N, Issautier K, Pulupa M, Bonnell JW, Bale SD, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Griton L, Harvey PR, MacDowall RJ, Maksimovic M, Malaspina DMet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 147
  • Journal article
    Nieves-Chinchilla T, Szabo A, Korreck KE, Alzate N, Balmaceda LA, Lavraud B, Paulson K, Narock AA, Wallace S, Jian LK, Luhmann JG, Morgan H, Higginson A, Arge CN, Bale SD, Case AW, de Wit TD, Giacalone J, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Jones-Melosky SI, Kasper JC, Larson DE, Livi R, McComas DJ, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Pulupa M, Raouafi NE, Schwadron N, Stevens ML, Whittlesey PLet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 38
  • Journal article
    Mozer FS, Agapitov OV, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Case T, Chaston CC, Curtis DW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Goodrich KA, Harvey PR, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Krasnoselskikh V, Larson DE, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Stevens M, Whittlesey PL, Wygant JRet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 97
  • Journal article
    Halekas JS, Whittlesey P, Larson DE, McGinnis D, Maksimovic M, Berthomier M, Kasper JC, Case AW, Korreck KE, Stevens ML, Klein KG, Bale SD, MacDowall RJ, Pulupa MP, Malaspina DM, Goetz K, Harvey PRet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 125
  • Journal article
    Mitchell DG, Giacalone J, Allen RC, Hill ME, McNutt RL, McComas DJ, Szalay JR, Schwadron NA, Rouillard AP, Bale SB, Chaston CC, Pulupa MP, Whittlesey PL, Kasper JC, MacDowall RJ, Christian ER, Wiedenbeck ME, Matthaeus WHet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 21
  • Journal article
    Schwadron NA, Bale S, Bonnell J, Case A, Christian ER, Cohen CMS, Cummings AC, Davis AJ, de Wit TD, de Wet W, Desai MI, Joyce CJ, Goetz K, Giacalone J, Gorby M, Harvey P, Heber B, Hill ME, Karavolos M, Kasper JC, Korreck K, Larson D, Livi R, Leske RA, Malandraki O, MacDowall R, Malaspina D, Matthaeus WH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Mewaldt RA, Mitchell DG, Mays L, Niehof JT, Odstrcil D, Pulupa M, Poduval B, Rankin JS, Roelof EC, Stevens M, Stone EC, Szalay JR, Wiedenbeck ME, Winslow R, Whittlesey Pet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 26
  • Journal article
    Desai MI, Mitchell DG, Szalay JR, Roelof EC, Giacalone J, Hill ME, McComas DJ, Christian ER, Schwadron NA, McNutt RL, Wiedenbeck ME, Joyce C, Cohen CMS, Ebert RW, Dayeh MA, Allen RC, Davis AJ, Krimigis SM, Leske RA, Matthaeus WH, Malandraki O, Mewaldt RA, Labrador A, Stone EC, Bale SD, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJ, Kasper JCet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 39
  • Journal article
    Cohen CMS, Christian ER, Cummings AC, Davis AJ, Desai MI, Giacalone J, Hill ME, Joyce CJ, Labrador AW, Leske RA, Matthaeus WH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Mewaldt RA, Mitchell DG, Rankin JS, Roelof EC, Schwadron NA, Stone EC, Szalay JR, Wiedenbeck ME, Allen RC, Ho GC, Jian LK, Lario D, Odstrcil D, Bale SD, Badman ST, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJ, Kasper JC, Case AW, Korreck KE, Larson DE, Livi R, Stevens ML, Whittlesey Pet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 32
  • Journal article
    Chaston CC, Bonnell JW, Bale SD, Kasper JC, Pulupa M, de Wit TD, Bowen TA, Larson DE, Whittlesey PL, Wygant JR, Salem CS, MacDowall RJ, Livi RL, Vech D, Case AW, Stevens ML, Korreck KE, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Malaspina DMet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 28
  • Journal article
    Huang J, Kasper JC, Vech D, Klein KG, Stevens M, Martinovic MM, Alterman BL, Durovcova T, Paulson K, Maruca BA, Qudsi RA, Case AW, Korreck KE, Jian LK, Velli M, Lavraud B, Hegedus A, Bert CM, Holmes J, Bale SD, Larson DE, Livi R, Whittlesey P, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Bonnell JW, Harvey P, Goetz K, de Wit TDet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 74
  • Report
    Ceppi P, Gregory J, 2020,

    Climate sensitivity: What is it, and why is it important?

    , Climate sensitivity: What is it, and why is it important?, Publisher: The Grantham Institute, 11

    Climate sensitivity is a fundamental measure of global climate change. This briefing paper explains how climate sensitivity is estimated from different lines of evidence – modelling, observations, and palaeoclimate records – and why its exact value remains uncertain.
  • Journal article
    Vech D, Kasper JC, Klein KG, Huang J, Stevens ML, Chen CHK, Case AW, Korreck K, Bale SD, Bowen TA, Whittlesey PL, Livi R, Larson DE, Malaspina D, Pulupa M, Bonnell J, Harvey P, Goetz K, de Wit TD, MacDowall Ret al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
  • Journal article
    Maksimovic M, Bale SD, Bercic L, Bonnell JW, Case AW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Halekas JS, Harvey PR, Issautier K, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Jagarlamudi VK, Lahmiti N, Larson DE, Lecacheux A, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Martinovic MM, Meyer-Vernet N, Moncuquet M, Pulupa M, Salem C, Stevens ML, Stverak S, Velli M, Whittlesey PLet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 67
  • Journal article
    Page B, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Goetz K, Goodrich K, Harvey PR, Larsen R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, Pokorny P, Pulupa M, Szalay JRet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 32
  • Journal article
    Wiedenbeck ME, Bucik R, Mason GM, Ho GC, Leske RA, Cohen CMS, Christian ER, Cummings AC, Davis AJ, Desai M, Giacalone J, Haggerty DK, Hill ME, Joyce CJ, Labrador AW, Malandraki O, Matthaeus WH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Mewaldt RA, Mitchell DG, Posner A, Rankin JS, Roelof EC, Schwadron NA, Stone EC, Szalay JR, Bale SD, Case AW, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Larson DE, MacDowall RJ, Pulupa M, Stevens MLet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 33
  • Journal article
    Reville V, Velli M, Panasenco O, Tenerani A, Shi C, Badman ST, Bale SD, Kasper JC, Stevens ML, Korreck KE, Bonnell JW, Case AW, de Wit TD, Goetz K, Harvey PR, Larson DE, Livi R, Malaspina DM, MacDowall RJ, Pulupa M, Whittlesey PLet al., 2020,

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 246, ISSN: 0067-0049
    • Cite
    • Citations: 88
  • Journal article
    Escoubet CP, Hwang K-J, Toledo-Redondo S, Turc L, Haaland SE, Aunai N, Dargent J, Eastwood JP, Fear RC, Fu H, Genestreti KJ, Graham DB, Khotyaintsev YV, Lapenta G, Lavraud B, Norgren C, Sibeck DG, Varsani A, Berchem J, Dimmock AP, Paschmann G, Dunlop M, Bogdanova YV, Roberts O, Laakso H, Masson A, Taylor MGGT, Kajdi膷 P, Carr C, Dandouras I, Fazakerley A, Nakamura R, Burch JL, Giles BL, Pollock C, Russell CT, Torbert RBet al., 2020,

    , Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol: 6, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 2296-987X

    When the supersonic solar wind encounters the Earth's magnetosphere a shock, called bow shock, is formed and the plasma is decelerated and thermalized in the magnetosheath downstream from the shock. Sometimes, however, due to discontinuities in the solar wind, bow shock ripples or ionized dust clouds carried by the solar wind, high speed jets (HSJs) are observed in the magnetosheath. These HSJs have typically a Vx component larger than 200 km s−1 and their dynamic pressure can be a few times the solar wind dynamic pressure. They are typically observed downstream from the quasi-parallel bow shock and have a typical size around one Earth radius (RE) in XGSE. We use a conjunction of Cluster and MMS, crossing simultaneously the magnetopause, to study the characteristics of these HSJs and their impact on the magnetopause. Over 1 h 15 min interval in the magnetosheath, Cluster observed 21 HSJs. During the same period, MMS observed 12 HSJs and entered the magnetosphere several times. A jet was observed simultaneously by both MMS and Cluster and it is very likely that they were two distinct HSJs. This shows that HSJs are not localized into small regions but could span a region larger than 10 RE, especially when the quasi-parallel shock is covering the entire dayside magnetosphere under radial IMF. During this period, two and six magnetopause crossings were observed, respectively, on Cluster and MMS with a significant angle between the observation and the expected normal deduced from models. The angles observed range between from 11° up to 114°. One inbound magnetopause crossing observed by Cluster (magnetopause moving out at 142 km s−1) was observed simultaneous to an outbound magnetopause crossing observed by MMS (magnetopause moving in at −83 km s−1), showing that the magnetopause can have multiple local indentation places, most likely independent from each other. Under the continuous impacts of HSJs, the magnetopause is deformed significan
  • Journal article
    Perrone D, D'Amicis R, De Marco R, Matteini L, Stansby D, Bruno R, Horbury TSet al., 2020,

    , Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal, Vol: 633, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 0004-6361

    Alfvénic fluctuations in solar wind are an intrinsic property of fast streams, while slow intervals typically have a very low degree of Alfvénicity, with much more variable parameters. However, sometimes a slow wind can be highly Alfvénic. Here we compare three different regimes of solar wind, in terms of Alfvénic content and spectral properties, during a minimum phase of the solar activity and at 0.3 au. We show that fast and Alfvénic slow intervals share some common characteristics. This would suggest a similar solar origin, with the latter coming from over-expanded magnetic field lines, in agreement with observations at 1 au and at the maximum of the solar cycle. Due to the Alfvénic nature of the fluctuations in both fast and Alfvénic slow winds, we observe a well-defined correlation between the flow speed and the angle between magnetic field vector and radial direction. The high level of Alfvénicity is also responsible of intermittent enhancements (i.e. spikes), in plasma speed. Moreover, only for the Alfvénic intervals do we observe a break between the inertial range and large scales, on about the timescale typical of the Alfvénic fluctuations and where the magnetic fluctuations saturate, limited by the magnitude of the local magnetic field. In agreement with this, we recover a characteristic low-frequency 1/f scaling, as expected for fluctuations that are scale-independent. This work is directly relevant for the next solar missions, Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. One of the goals of these two missions is to study the origin and evolution of slow solar wind. In particular, Parker Solar Probe will give information about the Alfvénic slow wind in the unexplored region much closer to the Sun and Solar Orbiter will allow us to connect the observed physics to the source of the plasma.
  • Journal article
    Shatwell P, Czaja A, Ferreira D, 2020,

    <jats:p>To study the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) in climate change, we perform an abrupt CO2-doubling experimentusing a coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice model with a simple geometry thatseparates the ocean into small and large basins. As in observations andhigh-end climate models, the small basin exhibits a MOC and warms at afaster rate than the large basin. In our set-up, this contrast in heatstorage rates is 0.6 +/- 0.1 W/m^2, and we argue that this is due tothe small basin MOC. However, the MOC weakens significantly, yet thishas little impact on the small basin’s heat storage rate. We find thisis due to the effects of both compensating warming patterns andinterbasin heat transports. Thus, although the presence of a MOC isimportant for enhanced heat storage, MOC weakening is surprisinglyunimportant.</jats:p>

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