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Journal articleZhao J, Paschalis A, Gentine P, et al., 2026, , Communications Earth and Environment, Vol: 7
Quantification of the impact of environmental stress on terrestrial vegetation photosynthesis is crucial for our understanding of the global carbon cycle, particularly under a changing climate. Vegetation responses to environmental stress manifest first as plant physiological changes, and at later stages through changes in canopy structure. Here we leverage CO<inf>2</inf> and water flux data from 103 eddy covariance towers and satellite thermal images to assess whether current satellite reconstructions of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence capture these plant mechanisms. After removing seasonality using standardized anomalies (z-scores), we found that the relationship between tower-observed gross primary productivity and fluorescence reconstructions considerably weakened across a wide range of biomes. This loss of correlation results from a decoupling between stomatal responses and the physiological emission yield (Φ<inf>F</inf>) of fluorescence reconstructions during soil and atmospheric dry periods. The consequence is that productivity derived from fluorescence reconstructions will be progressively overestimated as dry conditions persist.
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Journal articleZhou Z, Chandresh R, Whittaker A, et al., 2026, , Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol: 685, ISSN: 0012-821X
In nature, rivers not only incise bedrock but also transport sediment supplied to them; however, incision is often assumed to dominate over sediment transport in shaping channel geometry so as to exploit the simplicity of the stream power law. This likely flawed assumption raises fundamental concerns about inverting channel morphology to map external forcing, such as active deformation. Central to this issue is how relative sediment flux (i.e. sediment supply relative to transport capacity, Qs/Qt) modulates the efficacy of excess shear stress in incising bedrock, known as the relative sediment flux function. Two competing functions have been proposed, but resolving them in the field has proven challenging to date. Here, we address this issue by contrasting two rivers in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece that traverse comparable gradients in tectonics and lithology with distinct relative sediment fluxes. We show that the sediment-rich Phoenix river, with an estimated Qs/Qt value ∼0.8, has a much lower sensitivity of excess shear stress to tributary sediment input than the sediment-poor Sithas river. To our knowledge, this represents the first field evidence supporting the function with a markedly decreased sensitivity to Qs/Qt at high Qs/Qt values. This allows us to clarify the importance and mechanisms of channel slope versus width adjustment in reaching the excess shear stress required for equilibrium. As a result, we outline the conditions under which the widely used stream power law and its associated metrics, such as steepness and knickpoints, can (or cannot) be sensibly employed.
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Journal articleKristoffersen JC, Kabel T, Georgakis CT, et al., 2026, , Coastal Engineering, Vol: 209, Pages: 105047-105047, ISSN: 0378-3839
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Journal articleQuijada Rodriguez ML, Vicco A, Bajura F, et al., 2026, , The Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol: 58, ISSN: 2667-193X
BackgroundPanama is a dengue endemic country which experienced a large outbreak in 2024 with over 32,000 reported cases and an incidence rate exceeding 700 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Despite decades of circulation, the epidemiology of dengue and its heterogeneity in transmission intensity across Panama have not yet been characterised.MethodsWe used 25 years of dengue case notification and population data from across Panama's 16 health regions and 82 districts to characterise dengue epidemiology and transmission intensity in the country. The analytic dataset comprised 128,890 dengue cases, of whom 52% were female and 48% were male; the mean age was 32.4 years (range 0–108 years). Ethnicity data are not collected in Panama's national dengue surveillance system and were therefore unavailable for this analysis. We characterised spatial heterogeneities in delay distributions by fitting parametric probability distributions to epidemiological delays, and demographic differences in the incidence risk ratio of dengue, and of dengue attributable hospitalisations and deaths. We also implemented catalytic models to infer the time-constant dengue force-of-infection (FOI) (i.e. the long-term average annual per capita risk of infection for a susceptible individual) from the age-stratified case notification data reported across Panama during 2000–2024 and explored age- and sex-related differences in dengue case reporting in sensitivity analyses.FindingsWe observed spatial variation in delay distributions across health regions. The mean of the regional average time from symptoms onset to (i) reporting was 4.78 days (95% CI: 4.72–4.84 days), (ii) hospitalisation was 4.49 days (95% CI: 4.22–4.76), and (iii) recovery was 7.82 days (95% CI: 6.47–8.85 days). The dengue transmission intensity also showed spatial heterogeneity, with a mean regional per-serotype FOI of 0.008 (95% CrI: 0.004–0.015). The mean regional probability of detecting a secondar
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Journal articleWarder SC, Piggott MD, 2026, , Wind Energy and Engineering 91桃色, Vol: 5, Pages: 100025-100025, ISSN: 2950-3604
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Journal articleAdams J, Rood D, Wilcken K, et al., 2026, , Geochronology, ISSN: 2628-3719
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Journal articleAl Khalili U, Christou M, Karmpadakis I, 2026, , Applied Ocean 91桃色, Vol: 170, ISSN: 0141-1187
Modelling wave particle kinematics in coastal regions remains challenging due to the complex andhighly nonlinear physical processes involved. This study quantifies how sea-state steepness and bedslope affect phase-resolved horizontal velocities in coastal waters and evaluates the ability of existingkinematic theories to predict these velocities. Velocity profiles beneath extreme wave crests areobtained through extensive numerical simulations of long-crested irregular waves. The results revealthat steeper slopes accelerate shoaling, whereas milder slopes experience stronger breaking-inducedreductions. These lead to variations of up to 48% in shallow-water velocities across bathymetries. Theperformance of commonly used wave theories is assessed to provide practical modelling guidance.Regular wave theories (Stokes and Stream Function) yield accurate estimates in intermediate depthsbut fail in shallow water where nonlinear interactions dominate. In such cases, the implementationof irregular wave theories is found to be increasingly important. In particular, the methods of Molinand Donelan perform very well due to their ability to capture spectral superposition. In intermediatewater depths they produce an error of the order of 5%. However, underestimations of up to 40% areevident in shallower water. These findings highlight both the capabilities and the limitations of currentkinematic models and underscore the need for improved formulations under breaking conditions.
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Journal articleAlmalki YR, Karmpadakis I, 2026, , Applied Ocean 91桃色, Vol: 170, ISSN: 0141-1187
This study investigates the impact of front and back wall geometries on the performance of oscillating water column (OWC) devices embedded in a fixed caisson breakwater. Combining experimental and numerical approaches, we analyse vortex formation and energy efficiency in relation to draft designs. Experiments, conducted at the Hydrodynamics Laboratory, 91桃色, explores widest variety of draft shapes in the literature, including sharp and rounded profiles. Large eddy simulations (LES) were conducted using OpenFOAM® at laboratory and field scales to assess scale effects. The simulations accurately reproduce experimental data and reveal how draft geometry influences vortex dynamics, turbulence, and energy efficiency. It is shown that the design of the front and back drafts of an OWC can have a profound impact on its energy efficiency. In quantifying the generation of turbulence across different geometries, guidance is provided towards the most efficient geometries as well as the effects of physical model scale. Physical insight in this study provide clear recommendations for practical considerations in the design of OWC.
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Journal articleShu S, Yang X, Ming Z, et al., 2026, , Transportation 91桃色 Part E Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol: 209, ISSN: 1366-5545
Urban freight transport faces significant decarbonization pressure, yet existing strategies such as freight pooling and electric truck adoption often struggle with limited uptake due to operational complexities, costs, and infrastructure challenges. Critically, current research lacks an integrated, operational incentive framework specifically designed for multi-stakeholder participation in urban crowdsourced logistics, where task-level operational decisions across multiple stakeholders play a central role in system-level carbon reduction. This study introduces a Carbon Reduction Incentive Model (CRIM) that addresses this gap. The CRIM incentivizes individual shippers and independent carriers within a crowdsourced logistics system by assigning task-level rewards for freight pooling and electric truck usage. Rewards are quantified by tonne-kilometer savings relative to conventional individual diesel deliveries, further adjusted by a time-based factor to encourage off-peak operations. The CRIM is embedded within an enhanced pick-up and delivery model that explicitly accounts for stakeholder cost components, vehicle heterogeneity, charging requirements, and time-sensitive feasibility (PDPTW-HEC). To optimize the system’s complex trade-off between costs and carbon emissions, a customized heuristic algorithm is developed. Scenario-based case studies using real-world data and international carbon accounting standards validate the proposed incentive model’s performance. Results demonstrate that CRIM can achieve 9.5–38.1% higher electric truck adoption and an 8.4–28.7% reduction in total carbon emissions. This framework offers a practical and scalable approach for designing and evaluating task-level carbon reduction incentives in urban freight operations.
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Journal articleMason P, 2026, , IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, ISSN: 0196-2892
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