Dr Paul Atherton
Paul co-founded his first company, Queensgate Instruments, while studying at 91ÌÒÉ« in 1978. He planned on pursuing an academic career, but that all changed when he got a call from NASA, who wanted to use the Queensgate technology. After turning Queensgate Instruments into an optical fibre business in the 90s and selling the company in 2000, he continues to help start-ups at UK universities.
The start of Queensgate Instruments
Paulâs entrepreneurial journey began by accident. He and his co-founders were building optical interferometers for large telescopes, something people had been trying to do for 100 years without success. But with persistence and hard work, they came up with the technology to do it. Now they could study the night sky more effectively, doing things that would normally take days in hours.
And the technology was popular. Academics from prestigious research groups wanted the instruments. Paul and his co-founders would spend Saturdays building them and then taking refreshment in the Queenâs Arms pub, behind the Royal Albert Hall. âIt was the watering hole for the physics department,â he remembers.
Thatâs when they decided to start a company: . The founders agreed to invest ÂŁ350 each in the company to get things going, with Paul borrowing his share from his grandfather. They paid themselves ÂŁ5 an hour. âThat seemed like a lot of money to an impoverished student in 1978!â he says.
With the physics department van, outside the pub near the Royal Greenwich observatory in 1976
With the physics department van, outside the pub near the Royal Greenwich observatory in 1976
A change of plans
Paul planned on pursuing an academic career and working for the company part-time. In 1985, he was about to start a professorship in the US. His plans changed when he got a call from NASA, who wanted to use Queensgate Instrumentsâ technology on a space shuttle. Paul took a yearâs sabbatical to see this through. But in the end, he never returned to his academic career and stayed with the company full-time.
To help him run the company, he studied for an MBA at London Business School. âI was a fish out of water there,â Paul remembers. âThey looked at me like I was some kind of weird animal - there were not many deep-tech start-up entrepreneurs around in those days!â
Selling the business
Paul and his co-founders ran the company for another 15 years, turning it into a fibre optic business along the way. âWe knew optical fibre would be important in the future,â he explains, even if they didnât quite know how. âWe came up with a device that could be used in telecoms and that revolution came along in the mid-90s.â
A few years later, he came back from the US with a $50 million dollar supply contract. They got a factory, hired employees and within a year three major telecom companies were competing to buy Queensgate Instruments. They sold the business in 2000.
Lessons for aspiring entrepreneurs
After running a company for over 20 years and studying for an MBA, Paul learned several important lessons about being an entrepreneur. âLondon Business School was a revelation for me,â he explains. âI couldnât understand what accountants were talking about. I didnât know what deferred tax was.â But these weren't the most challenging things to learn.
The accounting stuff was easy. The people stuff was an eye-opener. Things like the hierarchy of needs, organisational behaviour, economics and marketing. They were valuable lessons. Things I didnât expect to learn because I didnât know they existed. Going there was like going to psychoanalysis every day.
We discuss several lessons Paul shares with aspiring entrepreneurs. The first is to act quickly. âIn business, things always take three times longer than you think. And theyâre always more expensive. Whatever you think you need to do, you should do it harder and faster than you think you need to.â
Another is to have a sense of foresight. But this is best kept broad. âYou need to have faith your view of the future will come to pass. You might be wrong, but the world changes in fast and unexpected ways and sometimes you can be right. At Queensgate Instruments, we knew optical fibre devices would be needed, but not quite when or how.â
Thirdly, nobody should think they can get rich quick. âThere are very few examples of people who do this, and most that do are lucky.â Rather than making a lot of money, Paul thinks start-ups should focus on making the world a better place. âThose are the things that excite me, when people want to help solve issues like climate change or cancer.â
Paul with Kerry O'Donnelly Weaver (MRes Chemical Biology 2011, PhD 2015) and Angela de Manzanos (MRes Chemistry 2012, PhD 2016) of FungiAlert. Paul is Chairman and Investor in FungiAlert, who have developed an award-winning, cheap disposable pod that alerts farmers to the presence of plant disease in the soil before infection occurs.
Paul with Kerry O'Donnelly Weaver (MRes Chemical Biology 2011, PhD 2015) and Angela de Manzanos (MRes Chemistry 2012, PhD 2016) of FungiAlert. Paul is Chairman and Investor in FungiAlert, who have developed an award-winning, cheap disposable pod that alerts farmers to the presence of plant disease in the soil before infection occurs.
Paul writing up his PhD in Blackett Lab in 1978
Paul writing up his PhD in Blackett Lab in 1978
Holding a copy of that photo, Paul replicates the pose in his study at home in 2020
Holding a copy of that photo, Paul replicates the pose in his study at home in 2020
Inspiring trust
Of all the lessons we discuss, itâs clear getting people to trust you is the one Paul has the most to say about. He says playing chess helps. âYou have to know what the other person is thinking. You have to be able to see things from their side of the board.â Paul believes this isnât something you can learn from studying physics.
Youâve got to get people to trust you. Theyâve got to believe what you sell them is going to work. Your employees need to trust you too. Theyâve given up their jobs, they have mortgages and kids. Youâve got to show them youâre worth following.
How should aspiring entrepreneurs get people to trust them? By finding out as much about their customer as they can, and this may mean going out of your way. Paul remembers the story of an academic who needed a licence from the US for their start-up. But the person they needed to reach wasnât answering their calls or emails.
âSo, I said find a way to get to them,â Paul says. âThatâs what I used to do. Iâd never say I was only coming to see them. Iâd say âIâm passing through and I want to drop by for coffee.â Theyâd say thatâs fine. There were lots of times I went all the way to Minneapolis or LA only to see them and they didnât know that. It was the only way I got to see them. This approach might take a few days of your life, but itâll get you somewhere.â
It can be eye-opening. âIf you can go to someone elseâs place for a meeting, you learn so much about them. What coffee they drink, whatâs on the walls. At meals you learn about their families. You need to know what theyâre worrying about. Theyâre thinking âhow does this decision affect my career?ââ
Sound risky? Not to Paul. For him, itâs all part of the job. âEntrepreneurs arenât risk-takers. Iâm like a mountaineer. I only climb with the right equipment and having looked at the weather forecast. It looks scary, but you donât want to die doing it. You donât take risks, you take action well-prepared and well-organised.â
Mentoring at 91ÌÒÉ«
Paul regularly shares these lessons as a mentor, giving talks at 91ÌÒÉ« College and London Business School. âIâve founded numerous start-ups (including four from 91ÌÒÉ« College) and played a significant role in these, mentoring chief executives on crucial decisions.â
More recently, Paul became the Founding Director of the , where entrepreneurs mentor students and staff in voluntary roles. âWe get the pleasure of engaging with bright young people and helping them to do good things,â he says.
This is beneficial for everyone. âIdeas are cheap and easy. Doing things is the hard part. Itâs useful to have experienced entrepreneurs who can help people avoid making common mistakes.â
Paulâs leadership has seen the 91ÌÒÉ« Venture Mentoring Service (IVMS) scale to 75 mentors, helping ventures to raise over ÂŁ17 million in grant and equity funding and gain access to prestigious accelerators fuelling their impact. .
Leaving a legacy
When he looks back at his career, Paul is surprised by how much impact his work continues to have. He tells the story of meeting a former colleague at a Royal Society gathering five years ago, who was writing a book on the great optical observatories of the world and taking photos of the labs and equipment they used.
Paul offered to sponsor the book if he could join him. What he saw on this journey was astonishing. âIn two observatories, they had equipment Iâd designed in 1985 still in use on the telescopes. I couldnât imagine theyâd still be using this stuff!â
Professor Richard Ellis and Paul with an instrument they designed in 1985, still in everyday use on the 6.5m Magellan telescope at Las Campanas in Chile
Professor Richard Ellis and Paul with an instrument they designed in 1985, still in everyday use on the 6.5m Magellan telescope at Las Campanas in Chile
I think of Robert Frostâs The Road Not Taken. Iâve chosen a less traditional road than the academic path. And I think Iâd tell my younger self that itâs going to be okay. An entrepreneurâs life suits you better.
Making the world a better place
Of all the things we discuss, itâs obvious that for Paul, making the world a better place is what matters most. And heâs happy to have the opportunity to do this through targeted start-ups.
âIf I was an academic researcher, Iâd be building technology to go on satellites. That would make the world better in a different way. But are helping with things like climate change (Nexeon), cancer (Phase Focus), feeding the world sustainably (FungiAlert) and improving mental health (Delica). Thatâs what drives me.â
For me, life is about leaving the world a better place for my children and grandchildren and everyone in it. If I can do that through my activities, that would be wonderful.
Follow Paul's journey: visit his website